Ethereum Opcodes: A Comprehensive List

The Ethereum network is built on the Solidity programming language, which allows developers to build smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) on the Ethereum blockchain. However, the underlying infrastructure also provides access to a wealth of information about the current opcodes used by the network.

In this article, we’ll provide an overview of the current opcodes available in Ethereum, including their definitions, types, and examples.

What are Opcodes?

Opcodes are the instructions that make up a transaction or contract function call on the Ethereum blockchain. They are essentially a set of binary codes that represents the action performed by the program. In other words, opcodes are the “syntax” of Ethereum.

The Ethereum Opcodes Library

To access the current list of opcodes, you can use the following methods:

• Ethereum API: The official Ethereum API provides a list of available opcodes in the “ethops” module, which is accessed using the “ethops.getOpcodes()” function.

• Solidity Code Snippets

  

  : Online resources such as Slideshare and GitHub provide code snippets that display the current opcodes used by Solidity programs on the network.

• Ethereum Blockchain Explorer: The Ethereum Blockchain Explorer provides a web interface where you can view the current opcodes for each block on the network.

Current Opcodes List

The following are some of the opcodes currently available in Ethereum:

• 0x00: Initialize the state of a contract or smart contract

• 0x01: Call a function for a contract or smart contract

• 0x02: Set the value of a variable for a contract or smart contract

• 0x03: Get the value of a variable for a contract or smart contract

• 0x04: Jump to another block on the network

• 0x05: Evolve an array of opcodes

• 0x06: Call a function that checks if a condition is true

• 0x07: Call a function that checks if a condition is false

• 0x08: Get the number of arguments passed to a function

• 0x09: Set the number of arguments passed to a function

• 0x10: Get the current block hash

• 0x11: Get the timestamp of the current block

• 0x12: Get the current value of a variable in a contract or smart contract

• 0x13: Get the value of an array element in a contract or smart contract

Here is a sample code snippet that uses Solidity to display the list of opcodes for all functions and variables:

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract ExampleContract {
function foo() public pure returns (bool) {
return true;
}
function bar(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
return a + b;
}
}

Using the ethops module in the Ethereum API to get the list of opcodes for all functions and variables:

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract ExampleContract {
function foo() public pure returns (bool) {
return true;
}
function bar(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
return a + b;
}
}
contract EthereumAPIExample {
function getOpcodes() public pure returns (uint256[]) {
// Get the list of opcodes for all functions and variables
uint256[] memory opcodes = new uint256[](2);
opcodes[0] = 0x01; // foo()
opcodes[1] = 0x02; // bar(uint256 a, uint256 b)
return opcodes;
}
}

Note that the ethops.getOpcodes() function only shows the opcodes used in the Solidity code of the contract being audited. Furthermore, this list may not be exhaustive and may change over time as new opcodes are added to the Ethereum network.

Conclusion

Ethereum’s opcodes provide a fundamental layer of functionality for smart contracts and dApps on the blockchain.

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